The Year 2038 problem The Year 2000 problem is
understood by most people these days because of the
large amount of media attention it received. Most
programs written in the C programming language are
relatively immune to the Y2K problem, but suffer
instead from the Year 2038 problem. This problem
arises because most C programs use a library of
routines called the standard time library (time.h).
This library establishes a standard 4-byte format for
the storage of time values, and also provides a number
of functions for converting, displaying and
calculating time values. The standard 4-byte format
assumes that the beginning of time is January 1, 1970,
at 12:00:00 a.m. This value is 0. Any time/date value
is expressed as the number of seconds following that
zero value. So the value 919642718 is 919,642,718
seconds past 12:00:00 a.m. on January 1, 1970, which
is Sunday, February 21, 1999, at 16:18:38 Pacific time
(U.S.). This is a convenient format because if you
subtract any two values, what you get is a number of
seconds that is the time difference between them. Then
you can use other functions in the library to
determine how many minutes/hours/days/months/years
have passed between the two times. If you have read
the Tech Touch on Bits and Bytes, you know that a
signed 4-byte integer has a maximum value of
2,147,483,647, and this is where the Year 2038 problem
comes from. The maximum value of time before it rolls
over to a negative (and invalid) value is
2,147,483,647, which translates into January 19, 2038.
On this date, any C programs that use the standard
time library will start to have problems with date
calculations. This problem is somewhat easier to fix
than the Y2K problem on mainframes, fortunately.
Well-written programs can simply be recompiled with a
new version of the library that uses, for example,
8-byte values for the storage format. This is possible
because the library encapsulates the whole time
activity with its own time types and functions (unlike
most mainframe programs, which did not standardize
their date formats or calculations). So the Year 2038
problem should not be nearly as hard to fix as the Y2K
problem was. An alert reader was kind enough to point
out that IBM PC hardware suffers from the Year 2116
problem. For a PC , the beginning of time starts at
January 1, 1980, and increments by seconds in an
unsigned 32-bit integer in a manner similar to UNIX
time. By 2116, the integer overflows. Windows NT uses
a 64-bit integer to track time. However, it uses 100
nanoseconds as its increment and the beginning of time
is January 1, 1601, so NT suffers from the Year 2184
problem.
Wednesday, August 02, 2006
Wednesday, June 28, 2006
Saturday, March 04, 2006
झाड़ू की आदत
वो, जो पहले नासमझ था । ये धर्म शिक्षा तथागत ने दी जब वह जटावन में रह रहे थे, महानीय सम्मुंजनी के बारे में ।
ये महानीय , प्रतीत होता है, झाड़ू लगाते रहते थे, सुबह से शाम तक । एक दिन वो झाड़ू लेकर महानीय रेवत के कमरे में गए, जो वहाँ हमेशा की तरह बैठे थे । इस पर महानीय सम्मुंजनी ने सोचा "ये आलसी जनता के चढ़ावे के खा के, आराम करता है । इसे कम से कम एक कमरे में झाड़ू तो लगानी चाहिए ।" तो महानीय रेवत ने उन्हें कहा " नहा के मेरे पास आओ" । महानीय सम्मुंजनी नहाने के बाद आए ।
महानीय रेवत ने उन्हें कहा "भाई, भिक्षु को हर समय झाड़ू नहीं लगानी चाहिए । सुबह झाड़ू लगाने के बाद उसे भिक्षा के लिए जाना चाहिए । उसके बाद उसे ध्यान कक्ष में बैठ कर शरीर के बत्तीस अंगों का ध्यान करना चाहिए । उसे ध्यान रहना चाहिए शरीर की नश्वारता का । शाम को उसे उठ कर फिर से झाड़ू लगानी चाहिए । मगर उसे पूरे दिन झाड़ू नहीं लगानी चाहिए । कुछ समय आराम भी करना चाहिए । " महानीय सम्मुंजनी ने बात को माना, और जल्दी ही ज्ञान प्राप्त लर अरिहंत हो गए ।
लेकिन उसके बाद, कमरों में कचड़ा भरा रहने लगा । तो भिक्षुओं ने कहा, " महानीय सम्मुंजनी, आप झाड़ू क्यों नहीं लगाते, कमरों में कचरा भरा रहता है ?" तो वो बोले "महानीयों, पहले मैं नासमझ था, अब मुझे समझ आ गयी है ।" तो भिक्षुओं ने बुद्ध को मामला बताया और बोले, " ये महानीय कहते कुछ हैं, और करते कुछ और हैं ।" तो बुद्ध बोले, " मेरा पुत्र महानीय सच कहता है, पहले उसे समझ नहीं थी, तब वो झाड़ू लगाता रहता था । अब वो ध्यान के आनन्द में मस्त रहता है । इसलिए अब वो झाड़ू नहीं लगाता ।" और उन्होनें ये दोहा कहा ,
१७२ वो, जो पहले नासमझ था, नासमझ नहीं है,
प्रकाश फैलाता है जगत में, जैसे बादलों से मुक्त चाँद ।
वो, जो पहले नासमझ था । ये धर्म शिक्षा तथागत ने दी जब वह जटावन में रह रहे थे, महानीय सम्मुंजनी के बारे में ।
ये महानीय , प्रतीत होता है, झाड़ू लगाते रहते थे, सुबह से शाम तक । एक दिन वो झाड़ू लेकर महानीय रेवत के कमरे में गए, जो वहाँ हमेशा की तरह बैठे थे । इस पर महानीय सम्मुंजनी ने सोचा "ये आलसी जनता के चढ़ावे के खा के, आराम करता है । इसे कम से कम एक कमरे में झाड़ू तो लगानी चाहिए ।" तो महानीय रेवत ने उन्हें कहा " नहा के मेरे पास आओ" । महानीय सम्मुंजनी नहाने के बाद आए ।
महानीय रेवत ने उन्हें कहा "भाई, भिक्षु को हर समय झाड़ू नहीं लगानी चाहिए । सुबह झाड़ू लगाने के बाद उसे भिक्षा के लिए जाना चाहिए । उसके बाद उसे ध्यान कक्ष में बैठ कर शरीर के बत्तीस अंगों का ध्यान करना चाहिए । उसे ध्यान रहना चाहिए शरीर की नश्वारता का । शाम को उसे उठ कर फिर से झाड़ू लगानी चाहिए । मगर उसे पूरे दिन झाड़ू नहीं लगानी चाहिए । कुछ समय आराम भी करना चाहिए । " महानीय सम्मुंजनी ने बात को माना, और जल्दी ही ज्ञान प्राप्त लर अरिहंत हो गए ।
लेकिन उसके बाद, कमरों में कचड़ा भरा रहने लगा । तो भिक्षुओं ने कहा, " महानीय सम्मुंजनी, आप झाड़ू क्यों नहीं लगाते, कमरों में कचरा भरा रहता है ?" तो वो बोले "महानीयों, पहले मैं नासमझ था, अब मुझे समझ आ गयी है ।" तो भिक्षुओं ने बुद्ध को मामला बताया और बोले, " ये महानीय कहते कुछ हैं, और करते कुछ और हैं ।" तो बुद्ध बोले, " मेरा पुत्र महानीय सच कहता है, पहले उसे समझ नहीं थी, तब वो झाड़ू लगाता रहता था । अब वो ध्यान के आनन्द में मस्त रहता है । इसलिए अब वो झाड़ू नहीं लगाता ।" और उन्होनें ये दोहा कहा ,
१७२ वो, जो पहले नासमझ था, नासमझ नहीं है,
प्रकाश फैलाता है जगत में, जैसे बादलों से मुक्त चाँद ।
Tuesday, January 31, 2006
Five Do's And Dont's On A Blind Date
1. BE YOUR NORMAL SELF
Dating is all about being yourself and it is important to come across
as a nice guy who is polite and courteous all the time. Remember, things
could take a different shape altogether if the friendship tirns into a
relationship. Don't project yourself as the guy you would like to be - just
be what you are. For instance, if you want to dance, ask your date in a very
straightforward way instead of putting it in a pre planned, superficial
" Can i have the honour of this dance? " kind of way. Your date might just end
up secretly laughing at you.
2. DON'T SHOW OFF
Being honest with your date always helps. Trying to play with words and rattling
off smart-alec comments in James Bond style will unnerve your date. And just because
your date happens to be intellectually inclind, borrowing lines to show off will
fail to create an impression. In fact, it may just end up displaying your ignorance
and lack of originality.
3. DON'T EXPECT TOO MUCH OUT OF THE DATE
When one is on a date, the only way to enjoy oneself is to have an open mind.
If you go out on a date expecting your partner to be a stunner or a rocket
scientist, you're most probably going to be disappointed. Remember, trying to
prove your intelligence to your date or her lack of intelligence will not get
your anywhere. In fact, it will just make the atmosphere tense and uneasy.
Try to relax, lose your inhibitions, and have fun. After all, that is the main
reason why the two have you have come on a date in the first place.
4. DON'T BE A PERVERT
Try to keep your focus above her neck-line and don't make your date uneasy by
staring at all the wrong places. Staring and making sexual advances will only
scare your date. Besides, it is highly impolite and it sends out the wrong signals.
5. RULES OF A FIRST DATE
One must not forget that there are certain rules that one should follow on the
first date. These rules were made for a reason and following them will only do
you good. Don't be too presumptuous on your first date. It is not necessary that
your date fall head-over-heels in love with you at first sight, no matter how
good-looking you are. Being a little reserved won't hurt anyone. In any case,
if you pull the wrong string, you will only end up going home with a bad experience.
1. BE YOUR NORMAL SELF
Dating is all about being yourself and it is important to come across
as a nice guy who is polite and courteous all the time. Remember, things
could take a different shape altogether if the friendship tirns into a
relationship. Don't project yourself as the guy you would like to be - just
be what you are. For instance, if you want to dance, ask your date in a very
straightforward way instead of putting it in a pre planned, superficial
" Can i have the honour of this dance? " kind of way. Your date might just end
up secretly laughing at you.
2. DON'T SHOW OFF
Being honest with your date always helps. Trying to play with words and rattling
off smart-alec comments in James Bond style will unnerve your date. And just because
your date happens to be intellectually inclind, borrowing lines to show off will
fail to create an impression. In fact, it may just end up displaying your ignorance
and lack of originality.
3. DON'T EXPECT TOO MUCH OUT OF THE DATE
When one is on a date, the only way to enjoy oneself is to have an open mind.
If you go out on a date expecting your partner to be a stunner or a rocket
scientist, you're most probably going to be disappointed. Remember, trying to
prove your intelligence to your date or her lack of intelligence will not get
your anywhere. In fact, it will just make the atmosphere tense and uneasy.
Try to relax, lose your inhibitions, and have fun. After all, that is the main
reason why the two have you have come on a date in the first place.
4. DON'T BE A PERVERT
Try to keep your focus above her neck-line and don't make your date uneasy by
staring at all the wrong places. Staring and making sexual advances will only
scare your date. Besides, it is highly impolite and it sends out the wrong signals.
5. RULES OF A FIRST DATE
One must not forget that there are certain rules that one should follow on the
first date. These rules were made for a reason and following them will only do
you good. Don't be too presumptuous on your first date. It is not necessary that
your date fall head-over-heels in love with you at first sight, no matter how
good-looking you are. Being a little reserved won't hurt anyone. In any case,
if you pull the wrong string, you will only end up going home with a bad experience.
Monday, January 30, 2006
The Positive Approach: "HABITS MAKE YOUR LIFE
Attitudes are nothing more than habits of thoughts. And habits can be acquired. An action repeated becomes an attitude realized. � Unknown
When you choose a habit, you also choose the results of that habit. � Zig Ziglar
Cultivate only the habits that you are willing should master you. � Elbert Hubbard
It is a psychological fact that you can influence your environment and thoughts. If you do so consciously and with high purpose, you can change your habits and attitudes for the better. � Unknown
Good habits are formed; bad habits we fall into. � Unknown
Our character is basically a composite of our habits. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, they constantly, daily, express our character... � Stephen Covey
Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy to get into, but hard to get out of. � Unknown
Habit, my friend, is practice long pursued, that at least becomes man himself. � Evenus
Habits are cobwebs at first; cable at last. � Chinese Proverb
Habits � the only reason they persist is that they are offering some satisfaction. You allow them to persist by not seeking any other, better form of satisfying the same needs. Every habit, good or bad, is acquired and learned in the same way � by finding that it is a means of satisfaction. � Juniene Berk
Thoughts lead on to purposes; purposes go forth in action; actions form habits; habits decide character; and character fixes our destiny. � Tyron Edwards
Make good habits and they will make you. � Parks Cousins
Habit is either the best of servants or the worst of masters. � Nathaniel Emmons
The best way to stop a bad habit is never to begin it. � James C. Penny
In short, the habits we form fro"
Attitudes are nothing more than habits of thoughts. And habits can be acquired. An action repeated becomes an attitude realized. � Unknown
When you choose a habit, you also choose the results of that habit. � Zig Ziglar
Cultivate only the habits that you are willing should master you. � Elbert Hubbard
It is a psychological fact that you can influence your environment and thoughts. If you do so consciously and with high purpose, you can change your habits and attitudes for the better. � Unknown
Good habits are formed; bad habits we fall into. � Unknown
Our character is basically a composite of our habits. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, they constantly, daily, express our character... � Stephen Covey
Bad habits are like a comfortable bed, easy to get into, but hard to get out of. � Unknown
Habit, my friend, is practice long pursued, that at least becomes man himself. � Evenus
Habits are cobwebs at first; cable at last. � Chinese Proverb
Habits � the only reason they persist is that they are offering some satisfaction. You allow them to persist by not seeking any other, better form of satisfying the same needs. Every habit, good or bad, is acquired and learned in the same way � by finding that it is a means of satisfaction. � Juniene Berk
Thoughts lead on to purposes; purposes go forth in action; actions form habits; habits decide character; and character fixes our destiny. � Tyron Edwards
Make good habits and they will make you. � Parks Cousins
Habit is either the best of servants or the worst of masters. � Nathaniel Emmons
The best way to stop a bad habit is never to begin it. � James C. Penny
In short, the habits we form fro"
Wednesday, January 25, 2006
To love without condition.................................to talk without intention..............to give without reason ................. and to care without expectation..........is the heart of a true friend......... forward this to all the people whom u consider as ur true friend. dont forget to send it back to me !! if u consider me as ur frnd.... Yellow rose is the sign of friendship - I value yours. Today is world's online friend day. Send this to your online friends, even me, if I'm one of them. And see how many you get today.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)